La eficiencia energética en la producción de ladrillos: mini revisión
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La brecha tecnológica, económica y social, que existe entre los países industrializados y los países en vías de desarrollo, ha obligado a los más pobres a satisfacer sus necesidades básicas como alimento y vivienda, con la utilización de tecnologías de producción de materiales con más de un siglo de explotación. La producción de ladrillos, elemento utilizado para la fabricación de muros, a partir principalmente de la arcilla, es un ejemplo de esta desigualdad. En los países desarrollados utilizan tecnologías basadas en energías de alto valor calórico, como el gas propano y la energía eléctrica, mientras que en los países en vías de desarrollo, se sigue con la utilización de la quema de biomasa en hornos tradicionales, que por lo general son muy ineficientes energéticamente. En adición, esto reviste relevancia social al menos para Cuba, por su alta incidencia en las reparaciones y construcciones de viviendas, que acusan un significativo deterioro a nivel nacional. Por tal razón, se realizó una mini revisión, que demostró que los aspectos termodinámicos, que más inciden en la eficiencia energética de la producción de ladrillos, son los parámetros físico-químicos de la masa de arcilla a hornear, las características del combustible y el tipo de horno utilizado.
The technological, economic and social, gap that exists between industrialized and developing countries has forced the poorest to satisfy their basic needs as food and housing with the use of technologies of material production with more than a century of exploitation. The production of bricks, elements produced mainly from clays and used for wall building, is an example of this inequity. In the developed countries technologies based on energy of high caloric value, as propane and electric power are used; while in the developing countries, biomass burning in traditional ovens persists, which is generally very inefficient in terms of energy. In addition, this has social relevance at least for Cuba, for its high incidence on house building and repair, which shows a significant deterioration at a national level. That is why, a mini revision was carried out which demonstrated that the thermodynamic aspects that impact the most the energy efficiency of bricks production are the physical-chemical parameters of the clay mass to bake, the characteristics of the fuel and the type of oven used.
The technological, economic and social, gap that exists between industrialized and developing countries has forced the poorest to satisfy their basic needs as food and housing with the use of technologies of material production with more than a century of exploitation. The production of bricks, elements produced mainly from clays and used for wall building, is an example of this inequity. In the developed countries technologies based on energy of high caloric value, as propane and electric power are used; while in the developing countries, biomass burning in traditional ovens persists, which is generally very inefficient in terms of energy. In addition, this has social relevance at least for Cuba, for its high incidence on house building and repair, which shows a significant deterioration at a national level. That is why, a mini revision was carried out which demonstrated that the thermodynamic aspects that impact the most the energy efficiency of bricks production are the physical-chemical parameters of the clay mass to bake, the characteristics of the fuel and the type of oven used.
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Bravo Amarante, E.; García Díaz, J. M; García Díaz, J. y Rodríguez Consuegra, C, (2016). La eficiencia energética en la producción de ladrillos: mini revisión. Márgenes 4 (1), https://revistas.uniss.edu.cu/index.php/margenes/article/view/372/323