Nuevos enfoques para el manejo de los cultivares de la caña de azúcar en la UBPC Tuinucu
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Universidad de Sancti Spíritus "José Martí Pérez"
Abstract
La presente investigación se realizó en la Unidad Básica de Producción Cooperativa Tuinucu, perteneciente a la Empresa Agroindustrial Azucarera Melanio Hernández, municipio Taguasco con el objetivo de proponer un nuevo enfoque para el manejo de los cultivares de caña de azúcar que permita aumentar los rendimientos agrícolas por áreas, conociendo que en la sostenibilidad de los rendimientos cañeros influyen muchos factores tanto bióticos como abióticos. En dependencia de la manifestación de los últimos reaccionan los primeros según estimados de varios especialistas, quienes consideran a los cultivares como responsables de al menos el 50% de los incrementos de la producción cañera. Su manejo genético y su comportamiento ante las enfermedades y condiciones posibles de manejo a nivel de bloques cañeros, todo ello empleando los datos históricos de la entidad y el estudio de los caracteres agroproductivos y de sanidad de los cultivares establecidos, lo que permitió demostrar que los rendimientos oscilaban con una estrecha relación a la lluvia y la pendiente del terreno. También se encontró la existencia de una mala ubicación de los cultivares en dependencia de su potencial, pues los bloques no estaban bien clasificados, trazándose como estrategia el aumento de la biodiversidad como forma de protegerlo contra los cambios ambientales, enemigos naturales y la explotación de la interacción genotipo por ambiente, recomendando como salida a los resultados una nueva composición de cultivares de la caña de azucar. Se utlizaron métodos del nivel empírico y la bibliografá utilizada
This research was carried out in the Tuinucu Basic Cooperative Production Unit, belonging to the Melanio Hernández Sugar Agroindustrial Company, Taguasco municipality, with the aim of proposing a new approach to the management of sugarcane cultivars that allows increasing agricultural yields by areas, knowing that the sustainability of sugarcane yields is influenced by many factors, both biotic and abiotic. Depending on the manifestation of the latter, the former react according to estimates by several specialists, who consider the cultivars to be responsible for at least 50% of the increases in sugarcane production. Its genetic management and its behavior in the face of diseases and possible management conditions at the level of sugarcane blocks, all using the historical data of the entity and the study of the agro-productive and health characteristics of the established cultivars, which allowed demonstrating that the yields oscillated with a close relationship to rainfall and the slope of the land. It was also found that there was a poor location of the cultivars depending on their potential, since the blocks were not well classified, and the increase of biodiversity was traced as a strategy as a way to protect them against environmental changes, natural enemies and the exploitation of the genotype-by-environment interaction, recommending a new composition of sugarcane cultivars as a way out of the results.
This research was carried out in the Tuinucu Basic Cooperative Production Unit, belonging to the Melanio Hernández Sugar Agroindustrial Company, Taguasco municipality, with the aim of proposing a new approach to the management of sugarcane cultivars that allows increasing agricultural yields by areas, knowing that the sustainability of sugarcane yields is influenced by many factors, both biotic and abiotic. Depending on the manifestation of the latter, the former react according to estimates by several specialists, who consider the cultivars to be responsible for at least 50% of the increases in sugarcane production. Its genetic management and its behavior in the face of diseases and possible management conditions at the level of sugarcane blocks, all using the historical data of the entity and the study of the agro-productive and health characteristics of the established cultivars, which allowed demonstrating that the yields oscillated with a close relationship to rainfall and the slope of the land. It was also found that there was a poor location of the cultivars depending on their potential, since the blocks were not well classified, and the increase of biodiversity was traced as a strategy as a way to protect them against environmental changes, natural enemies and the exploitation of the genotype-by-environment interaction, recommending a new composition of sugarcane cultivars as a way out of the results.