La formación de hábitos nutricionales: un estilo de vida saludable en la infancia preescolar
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Universidad de Sancti Spíritus "José Martí Pérez"
Abstract
Introducción: La infancia preescolar es crucial para la formación de hábitos
nutricionales que influyan no solo en la salud, sino también en un estilo de vida
saludable a largo plazo. Una nutrición adecuada en esta etapa favorece el
crecimiento físico, cognitivo y previene enfermedades crónicas como la
obesidad, la diabetes y los trastornos cardiovasculares.
Objetivo: Proponer actividades variadas que coadyuven a la formación de
hábitos nutricionales en los niños del grado preescolar de la escuela primaria
“Pablo Pérez”.
Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un diagnóstico mediante la utilización de
diferentes métodos del nivel teórico, empírico y estadístico-matemáticos. Se
observaron los 16 niños que conforman la matrícula del grado preescolar
donde se realizó la investigación y se aplicó una guía de observación.
Resultados y Discusión: El diagnóstico realizado permitió regularidades que
presentaban los niños y a partir de este resultado se elaboraron las actividades
variadas implementadas para coadyuvar a la formación de hábitos nutricionales
en los niños del grado preescolar de la escuela primaria “Pablo Pérez”.
Conclusiones: Las actividades variadas implementadas propician que los niños
sean partícipes activos y puedan elegir libremente con qué y con quiénes
desean jugar sin necesidad de obligatoriedad. Permite que conozcan las bases
de una alimentación saludable y que planifiquen sus propias comidas con
ayuda de los adultos. Además, a través de ellas pueden entender las
proporciones de los grupos de alimentos.
Los resultados alcanzados: La intervención demostró que con la aplicación de
las actividades variadas es posible mejorara los hábitos nutricionales en los
niños aunque aún es necesario: reforzar la educación alimentaria en los
huertos escolares y las actividades relacionadas con la elaboración de
alimentos; trabajar de conjunto con la familia para garantizar la generalización
de los hábitos nutricionales; individualizar las actividades para aquellos niños
que presentan mayor resistencia a incorporar alimentos saludables a su
nutrición.
Introduction: Preschool childhood is crucial for the formation of nutritional habits that influence not only health but also long-term healthy lifestyles. Adequate nutrition at this stage promotes physical and cognitive growth and prevents chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. Objective: To propose varied activities that contribute to the formation of nutritional habits in preschool children at the "Pablo Pérez" primary school. Materials and Methods: A diagnosis was conducted using theoretical, empirical, and statistical-mathematical methods. The 16 children enrolled in the preschool grade under study were observed, and an observation guide was applied. Results and Discussion: The diagnosis revealed patterns in the children’s behaviors. Based on these results, varied activities were designed and implemented to contribute to the formation of nutritional habits in the preschool children at "Pablo Pérez" primary school. Conclusions: The implemented varied activities encourage children to be active participants, freely choosing what and with whom they wish to play without obligation. They enable children to learn the foundations of healthy eating and plan their own meals with adult guidance. Additionally, these activities help them understand food group proportions. Achieved Results: The intervention demonstrated that applying varied activities can improve children’s nutritional habits. However, it remains necessary to: Strengthen food education through school gardens and food preparation activities; Collaborate with families to ensure the generalization of nutritional habits; Individualize activities for children resistant to incorporating healthy foods.
Introduction: Preschool childhood is crucial for the formation of nutritional habits that influence not only health but also long-term healthy lifestyles. Adequate nutrition at this stage promotes physical and cognitive growth and prevents chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. Objective: To propose varied activities that contribute to the formation of nutritional habits in preschool children at the "Pablo Pérez" primary school. Materials and Methods: A diagnosis was conducted using theoretical, empirical, and statistical-mathematical methods. The 16 children enrolled in the preschool grade under study were observed, and an observation guide was applied. Results and Discussion: The diagnosis revealed patterns in the children’s behaviors. Based on these results, varied activities were designed and implemented to contribute to the formation of nutritional habits in the preschool children at "Pablo Pérez" primary school. Conclusions: The implemented varied activities encourage children to be active participants, freely choosing what and with whom they wish to play without obligation. They enable children to learn the foundations of healthy eating and plan their own meals with adult guidance. Additionally, these activities help them understand food group proportions. Achieved Results: The intervention demonstrated that applying varied activities can improve children’s nutritional habits. However, it remains necessary to: Strengthen food education through school gardens and food preparation activities; Collaborate with families to ensure the generalization of nutritional habits; Individualize activities for children resistant to incorporating healthy foods.