Educación inclusiva como una oportunidad para el acceso a la educación en Ecuador
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Abstract
Introducción: La educación inclusiva se presenta en Ecuador como un derecho reconocido en el plano normativo, pero su implementación enfrenta brechas que limitan el acceso efectivo de los grupos históricamente excluidos.
Objetivo: Analizar el estado actual de la educación inclusiva en Ecuador para asumirla como una oportunidad de transformación social.
Métodos: Se desarrolló una investigación de enfoque mixto que articuló revisión documental de la normativa y de la literatura especializada. Además se aplicó una encuesta estructurada a veinticinco participantes del sistema educativo, entre ellos estudiantes, docentes y padres de familia.
Resultados: Los participantes perciben que el avance logrado en el acceso a la educación inclusiva es limitado. Señalan como principales barreras la escasa formación docente, la insuficiencia de recursos pedagógicos y el bajo compromiso institucional. Consideran que los mayores obstáculos se presentan ante los estudiantes con discapacidades y en situación de vulnerabilidad y que las aulas regulares no responden plenamente a sus necesidades.
Conclusiones: La educación inclusiva en Ecuador continúa siendo más un horizonte deseado que una realidad consolidada. Reconocerla como oportunidad exige políticas coherentes con el contexto, formación inicial y permanente de docentes, participación de las familias y propuestas pedagógicas que respeten las diferencias individuales.
Introduction: Inclusive education is recognized as a legal right in the regulatory framework in Ecuador; however, its implementation faces significant gaps that limit effective access for historically excluded groups. Objective: To analyze the current state of inclusive education in Ecuador as an opportunity for social transformation. Methods: A mixed-method research study was conducted, combining a documentary review of regulations and specialized literature, as well as a structured survey applied to 3 twenty-five participants in the educational system, including students, teachers, and parents. Results: Participants perceive that the progress made in access to inclusive education is limited. They identify as the main barriers the inadequate training of teachers, insufficient pedagogical resources, and low institutional commitment. They believe that the greatest obstacles are faced by students with disabilities and those in vulnerable situations, and that regular classrooms do not fully meet their needs. Conclusions: Inclusive education in Ecuador remains more of an aspirational goal than a consolidated reality. Viewing it as an opportunity requires context-aligned policies, comprehensive initial and ongoing teacher training, active family participation, and pedagogical approaches that respect individual differences.
Introduction: Inclusive education is recognized as a legal right in the regulatory framework in Ecuador; however, its implementation faces significant gaps that limit effective access for historically excluded groups. Objective: To analyze the current state of inclusive education in Ecuador as an opportunity for social transformation. Methods: A mixed-method research study was conducted, combining a documentary review of regulations and specialized literature, as well as a structured survey applied to 3 twenty-five participants in the educational system, including students, teachers, and parents. Results: Participants perceive that the progress made in access to inclusive education is limited. They identify as the main barriers the inadequate training of teachers, insufficient pedagogical resources, and low institutional commitment. They believe that the greatest obstacles are faced by students with disabilities and those in vulnerable situations, and that regular classrooms do not fully meet their needs. Conclusions: Inclusive education in Ecuador remains more of an aspirational goal than a consolidated reality. Viewing it as an opportunity requires context-aligned policies, comprehensive initial and ongoing teacher training, active family participation, and pedagogical approaches that respect individual differences.
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Aguilar Gordón, F. del R. y Játiva Erazo, J. N. (2025). Educación inclusiva como una oportunidad para el acceso a la educación en Ecuador. Márgenes. Revista multitemática de desarrollo local y sostenibilidad, 13, e2280 https://revistas.uniss.edu.cu/margenes/workflow/index/2280