El punto espirituano: identidad y patrimonio cultural de la nación cubana
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Introducción: El punto cubano es una de las prácticas musicales más antiguas dentro de la
música campesina. Su uso se extiende, principalmente, desde la región central hasta la occidental.
Se distingue por dos variantes: punto fijo y punto libre y a su vez, estas incluyen particularidades
históricas, culturales y musicales. A pesar de que existen varios estudios acerca
de su uso e historia, estos han carecido de las especificidades que distinguen a la región espirituana
y que le atribuyen una nueva categorización dentro de la música campesina, debido
a la variedad de tonadas, al empleo de voces y la autenticidad de los instrumentos musicales
empleados. El objetivo fue describir el comportamiento de la práctica social del punto espirituano.
Métodos: Para el desarrollo de la investigación se emplearon métodos del paradigma
cualitativo como fueron: revisión documental, entrevistas no estructuradas y en profundidad,
audiciones a archivos sonoros de diferentes períodos históricos y observación participante.
Se realizaron estudios de casos a agrupaciones musicales y a programas de radiodifusión.
Resultados: Una nueva conceptualización del punto espirituano, caracterización general de
la música campesina en Sancti Spíritus. Estudios socio-históricos de las parrandas campesinas
de la provincia; historias de vida de poetas improvisadores y tonadistas. Como conclusiones:
se aportaron elementos teóricos científicos, a partir de la caracterización realizada en
el trabajo de campo. Se introdujeron los resultados obtenidos en las instituciones culturales
del territorio, en la docencia y en la extensión universitaria. Se creó un proyecto institucional
con el objetivo de salvaguardar la práctica.
Introduction. The Punto Cubano is one of the oldest musical expressions within country music. Its use extends mainly from the central to the western region. It includes two variants: Punto Fijo (fixed) and Punto Libre (free) and, in turn, they include historical, cultural and musical specificities. Although there are several studies about its use and history, they lack the Keywords country music; tunes; instruments; variety specificities that distinguish the Sancti Spiritus region and that contribute a new categorization within country music, given the variety of tunes, the use of voices and the authenticity of the musical instruments used. The objective was to describe the social practice of Sancti Spiritus Punto. Methods. For the development of the research, methods of the qualitative paradigm were used, such as documentary review, unstructured and in-depth interviews, listening to sound files from different historical periods, and participant observation. Case studies of musical bands and radio broadcasting programs were carried out. Results. The following results were obtained: a new conceptualization of the Sancti Spiritus Punto, general characterization of country music in that Cuban province. Socio-historical studies of the country parties of the province; life stories of improvising poets and tonadistas (Punto singers). Conclusions: scientific theoretical elements were provided, based on the characterization carried out in the field work. The results obtained were provided to the cultural institutions of the province and included in the teaching process as well as in university extracurricular activities. An institutional project was created with the objective of safeguarding this practice.
Introduction. The Punto Cubano is one of the oldest musical expressions within country music. Its use extends mainly from the central to the western region. It includes two variants: Punto Fijo (fixed) and Punto Libre (free) and, in turn, they include historical, cultural and musical specificities. Although there are several studies about its use and history, they lack the Keywords country music; tunes; instruments; variety specificities that distinguish the Sancti Spiritus region and that contribute a new categorization within country music, given the variety of tunes, the use of voices and the authenticity of the musical instruments used. The objective was to describe the social practice of Sancti Spiritus Punto. Methods. For the development of the research, methods of the qualitative paradigm were used, such as documentary review, unstructured and in-depth interviews, listening to sound files from different historical periods, and participant observation. Case studies of musical bands and radio broadcasting programs were carried out. Results. The following results were obtained: a new conceptualization of the Sancti Spiritus Punto, general characterization of country music in that Cuban province. Socio-historical studies of the country parties of the province; life stories of improvising poets and tonadistas (Punto singers). Conclusions: scientific theoretical elements were provided, based on the characterization carried out in the field work. The results obtained were provided to the cultural institutions of the province and included in the teaching process as well as in university extracurricular activities. An institutional project was created with the objective of safeguarding this practice.
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Alba Álvarez, S. (2022). El punto espirituano: identidad y patrimonio cultural de la nación cubana. Anales de la Ciencia