Caracterización de 8 líneas promisora de tabaco negro para la producción de capa para la región central de Cuba
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Universidad de Sancti Spíritus "José Martí Pérez"
Abstract
El tabaco negro para capa ha sido, por siglos, un pilar de la agricultura cubana, representando tradición,
identidad y el esfuerzo de generaciones de productores que han perfeccionado su cultivo. Sin embargo,
este legado enfrenta amenazas constantes, entre ellas, el tallo negro causado por Phytophthora nicotianae,
que compromete la calidad del cultivo y la estabilidad de quienes dependen de él.
En la región central, donde el tabaco negro es símbolo de excelencia, los productores han enfrentado
este desafío con diversas estrategias. Algunos han recurrido a químicos como el Agrocelone, eficaces
pero perjudiciales para el ambiente y la salud. Otros han apostado por enfoques agroecológicos,
integrando conocimientos tradicionales con avances científicos modernos. En este contexto, la presente
investigación se enfoca en caracterizar la resistencia de ocho líneas de tabaco negro para capa y evaluar
estrategias para mitigar el impacto del patógeno.
El estudio se desarrolló en la UEB Experimental del Tabaco de Cabaiguán, donde se analizó la respuesta
del cultivo ante distintos tratamientos. Se aplicaron enfoques agroecológicos como el uso de
Trichoderma sp., la incorporación de cachaza fermentada y la solarización, con el propósito de encontrar
alternativas reducir la incidencia de P. nicotianae. Los resultados demostraron que la combinación de
estos métodos mejoró la sanidad del cultivo y disminuyó la dependencia de fungicidas agresivos.
Más allá del rigor científico, este trabajo es también un reconocimiento al esfuerzo de los transmisión de
conocimientos de generación en generación y a la preservación de un sistema agrícola que ha definido la
historia de Cuba. Al promover estrategias más sostenibles, esta investigación no solo busca fortalecer la
productividad del cultivo, sino también garantizar que el tabaco negro para capa continúe siendo un
emblema de calidad, identidad y resistencia.
For centuries, dark wrapper tobacco has been a cornerstone of Cuban agriculture, embodying tradition, identity, and the dedication of generations of farmers who have refined its cultivation. However, this legacy faces ongoing threats, among them, black shank disease caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, which jeopardizes both crop quality and the livelihoods of those who depend on it. In the central region, where dark wrapper tobacco is a symbol of excellence, producers have confronted this challenge through various strategies. Some have relied on chemicals such as Agrocelone, which are effective yet harmful to the environment and human health. Others have opted for agroecological approaches, integrating traditional knowledge with modern scientific advances. Within this context, the present study focuses on characterizing the resistance of eight lines of dark wrapper tobacco and evaluating strategies to mitigate the impact of the pathogen. The research was conducted at the UEB Experimental Tobacco Unit in Cabaiguán, where the crop's response to different treatments was analyzed. Agroecological approaches such as the use of Trichoderma sp., the incorporation of fermented cachaza, and solarization were applied to identify viable alternatives for reducing the incidence of P. nicotianae. The results were clear: combined methods improved crop health and reduced reliance on aggressive fungicides. Beyond scientific rigor, this study is also a tribute to the dedication of tobacco farmers, the transmission of knowledge across generations, and the preservation of an agricultural system that has shaped Cuba’s history. By promoting more sustainable strategies, this research aims not only to enhance crop productivity but also to ensure that dark wrapper tobacco remains a symbol of quality, identity, and resilience.
For centuries, dark wrapper tobacco has been a cornerstone of Cuban agriculture, embodying tradition, identity, and the dedication of generations of farmers who have refined its cultivation. However, this legacy faces ongoing threats, among them, black shank disease caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, which jeopardizes both crop quality and the livelihoods of those who depend on it. In the central region, where dark wrapper tobacco is a symbol of excellence, producers have confronted this challenge through various strategies. Some have relied on chemicals such as Agrocelone, which are effective yet harmful to the environment and human health. Others have opted for agroecological approaches, integrating traditional knowledge with modern scientific advances. Within this context, the present study focuses on characterizing the resistance of eight lines of dark wrapper tobacco and evaluating strategies to mitigate the impact of the pathogen. The research was conducted at the UEB Experimental Tobacco Unit in Cabaiguán, where the crop's response to different treatments was analyzed. Agroecological approaches such as the use of Trichoderma sp., the incorporation of fermented cachaza, and solarization were applied to identify viable alternatives for reducing the incidence of P. nicotianae. The results were clear: combined methods improved crop health and reduced reliance on aggressive fungicides. Beyond scientific rigor, this study is also a tribute to the dedication of tobacco farmers, the transmission of knowledge across generations, and the preservation of an agricultural system that has shaped Cuba’s history. By promoting more sustainable strategies, this research aims not only to enhance crop productivity but also to ensure that dark wrapper tobacco remains a symbol of quality, identity, and resilience.