Análisis biomecánico del caballo de paso fino colombiano utilizando el programa informático Kinovea
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Introducción: Las diferentes formas de andar se caracterizan por secuencias específicas de movimiento de las extremidades, que pueden describirse mediante parámetros biomecánicos y espacios temporales.
Objetivo: Analizar la biomecánica de la marcha del caballo de paso fino colombiano, llevado a mano, utilizando el método gravimétrico con el programa Kinovea.
Métodos: Se analizaron 60 ejemplares (32 machos y 28 hembras) de paso fino colombiano. Se marcaron, con pegatinas fluorescentes, las articulaciones de los miembros anteriores (escapulo-humeral, húmero-radial, radio-metacarpiana y metacarpo-falangiana) y posteriores (coxo-femoral, femoro-tibial, tibio-metatarsiana y metatarso-falangiana), para obtener los ángulos de flexión, extensión, elevación, protracción y retracción. También se consideró la alzada a la cruz como medida de referencia para obtener las elevaciones y la longitud de desplazamiento en una batida. Se utilizó una cámara fotográfica Realme 9 Pro de 64 megapíxeles, fijada sobre un trípode a cuatro metros de distancia del animal y los videos se procesaron en el programa Kinovea versión 0.9.5. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el software InfoStat, versión 2020.
Resultados: Se observó diferencias significativas (p<0,05) entre sexos en el tren anterior, donde las hembras presentaron mayor rango de movimiento en flexión, extensión y elevación. En contraste, en el tren posterior no se evidenció diferencias relevantes, manteniéndose funcionalmente constante entre sexos. Asimismo, los ángulos de protracción y retracción fueron similares en ambos grupos.
Conclusión: Los resultados indican que mientras el tren posterior conserva una biomecánica estable, el anterior se encuentra más influenciado por el sexo. Estos hallazgos pueden optimizar los procesos de selección, evaluación y entrenamiento de ejemplares.
Introduction: The different forms of gait are characterized by specific sequences of limb movement, which can be described using biomechanical parameters and spatiotemporal measures. Objective: To analyze the biomechanics of the gait of the hand-led Colombian Paso Fino horse, using the gravimetric method with the Kinovea software. Methods: Sixty Colombian Paso Fino specimens (32 males and 28 females) were analyzed. The joints of the forelimbs (scapulohumeral, humeroradial, radiometacarpal, and metacarpophalangeal) and hindlimbs (coxofemoral, femorotibial, tibiometatarsal, and metatarsophalangeal) were marked with fluorescent stickers to obtain flexion, extension, elevation, protraction, and retraction angles. The height at the withers was also considered as a reference measurement to obtain elevations and stride displacement length. A Realme 9 Pro 64-megapixel photographic camera, fixed on a tripod four meters from the animal, was used, and the videos were processed in Kinovea version 0.9.5. Statistical analysis was performed using InfoStat software, version 2020. Results: Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between sexes in the forelimbs, where females exhibited a greater range of motion in flexion, extension, and elevation. In contrast, no relevant differences were found in the hindlimbs, remaining functionally constant between sexes. Similarly, the protraction and retraction angles were similar in both groups. Conclusion: The results indicate that while the hindlimbs maintain stable biomechanics, the forelimbs are more influenced by sex. These findings can optimize selection, evaluation, and training processes for specimens.
Introduction: The different forms of gait are characterized by specific sequences of limb movement, which can be described using biomechanical parameters and spatiotemporal measures. Objective: To analyze the biomechanics of the gait of the hand-led Colombian Paso Fino horse, using the gravimetric method with the Kinovea software. Methods: Sixty Colombian Paso Fino specimens (32 males and 28 females) were analyzed. The joints of the forelimbs (scapulohumeral, humeroradial, radiometacarpal, and metacarpophalangeal) and hindlimbs (coxofemoral, femorotibial, tibiometatarsal, and metatarsophalangeal) were marked with fluorescent stickers to obtain flexion, extension, elevation, protraction, and retraction angles. The height at the withers was also considered as a reference measurement to obtain elevations and stride displacement length. A Realme 9 Pro 64-megapixel photographic camera, fixed on a tripod four meters from the animal, was used, and the videos were processed in Kinovea version 0.9.5. Statistical analysis was performed using InfoStat software, version 2020. Results: Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between sexes in the forelimbs, where females exhibited a greater range of motion in flexion, extension, and elevation. In contrast, no relevant differences were found in the hindlimbs, remaining functionally constant between sexes. Similarly, the protraction and retraction angles were similar in both groups. Conclusion: The results indicate that while the hindlimbs maintain stable biomechanics, the forelimbs are more influenced by sex. These findings can optimize selection, evaluation, and training processes for specimens.
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Benítez-Nevárez, K. S., Silva-Machasilla, I. L. y Larrea-Izurieta, C. O. (2025). Análisis biomecánico del caballo de paso fino colombiano utilizando el programa informático Kinovea. Márgenes. Revista multitemática de desarrollo local y sostenibilidad, 13, e2278. https://revistas.uniss.edu.cu/margenes/workflow/index/2278