Variabilidad genética de dos poblaciones de arroz permite la selección de plantas promisorias para la cosecha mecanizada
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En la estación de investigaciones de granos Sur del Jíbaro, en la provincia
Sancti Spíritus, durante la campaña húmeda 2016-2017, se
evaluaron dos poblaciones de arroz para determinar la variabilidad
genética en base a sus caracteres morfo-agronómicos. PIACuba-4 y
PIACuba-5 son poblaciones portadoras del gen de androesterilidad,
obtenidas por mejora poblacional a través de la selección recurrente.
Fueron sembradas en parcelas mediante la tecnología de trasplante,
en un área de 700 m2. Para evaluar las plantas de forma individual
se adoptó un marco de siembra de 0.30 x 0.25 metros, los caracteres
evaluados fueron: longitud del tallo, rendimiento por planta,
cantidad de granos por panícula, longitud de las panículas, número
de hijos por planta, longitud de los granos y peso de mil granos.
Los datos se procesaron mediante una estadística descriptiva para
datos agrupados por distribución de frecuencias; en ambas poblaciones
se observó variabilidad genética y esta varió en dependencia
de la población y el carácter evaluado. Se logró determinar la variabilidad
genética de las poblaciones PIACuba-4 y PIACuba-5, los
caracteres que mostraron mayor coefi ciente de variación fueron la
longitud del tallo, el rendimiento por planta, el número de granos
por panícula y el número de hijos por planta. Otros caracteres como
la longitud de la panícula, longitud de los granos y peso de 1 000
granos mostraron coefi cientes de variación moderados. A partir de la
evaluación morfo-agronómica de las poblaciones, se seleccionaron
plantas promisorias con características apropiadas para la cosecha
mecanizada y se colectaron semillas de 120 líneas seleccionadas, 66
originadas de la población PIACuba-4 y 54 derivadas de PIACuba-5.
At the Sur del Jíbaro grain research station, in Sancti Spíritus province, during the 2016-2017 wet season, two rice populations were evaluated to determine genetic variability based on their morphoagronomic characters. PIACuba-4 and PIACuba-5 are populations carrying the androsterility gene, obtained by population improvement through recurrent selection. These, were planted in plots through transplant technology, in an area that included 700 m2. To evaluate the plants individually a seeding frame of 0.30 x 0.25 m was adopted, the evaluated characters were: stem length, yield per plant, number of grains per panicle, length of the panicles, number of stems per plant, length of the grains and weight of 1000 grains. The data was processed by descriptive statistics for data grouped by distribution of frequency; in both populations, genetic variability was observed and this varied depending on the population and the evaluated character. The genetic variability of PIACuba-4 and PIACuba-5 populations was determined, the characters that showed the highest coeffi cient of variation were stem length, yield per plant, number of grains per panicle and number of stem per plant. Other characters such as panicle length, grain length and weight of 1000 grains showed moderate coeffi cients of variation. From the morphoagronomic evaluation of the populations, promising plants with appropriate characteristics for the mechanized harvest were selected and seeds of 120 selected lines were collected, 66 originated from the PIACuba-4 population and 54 derived from PIACuba-5.
At the Sur del Jíbaro grain research station, in Sancti Spíritus province, during the 2016-2017 wet season, two rice populations were evaluated to determine genetic variability based on their morphoagronomic characters. PIACuba-4 and PIACuba-5 are populations carrying the androsterility gene, obtained by population improvement through recurrent selection. These, were planted in plots through transplant technology, in an area that included 700 m2. To evaluate the plants individually a seeding frame of 0.30 x 0.25 m was adopted, the evaluated characters were: stem length, yield per plant, number of grains per panicle, length of the panicles, number of stems per plant, length of the grains and weight of 1000 grains. The data was processed by descriptive statistics for data grouped by distribution of frequency; in both populations, genetic variability was observed and this varied depending on the population and the evaluated character. The genetic variability of PIACuba-4 and PIACuba-5 populations was determined, the characters that showed the highest coeffi cient of variation were stem length, yield per plant, number of grains per panicle and number of stem per plant. Other characters such as panicle length, grain length and weight of 1000 grains showed moderate coeffi cients of variation. From the morphoagronomic evaluation of the populations, promising plants with appropriate characteristics for the mechanized harvest were selected and seeds of 120 selected lines were collected, 66 originated from the PIACuba-4 population and 54 derived from PIACuba-5.
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Flores del Castillo, E. Y.; Álvarez Paz, G. J. (2019). Variabilidad genética de dos poblaciones de arroz permite la selección de plantas promisorias para la cosecha mecanizada. La Calera 19 (33) https://lacalera.una.edu.ni