Huella del carbono de la producción de azúcar en Cuba. Caso: central “Melanio Hernández”
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Abstract
La huella del carbono (HC) cuantifica las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero
provenientes de las actividades antropogénicas y constituye una herramienta útil para
evaluar el desempeño ambiental de una organización, considerada como única
categoría de impacto: el cambio climático.
El objetivo del presente artículo es determinar la contribución del proceso de fabricación
de azúcar al calentamiento global mediante la estimación de la HC del central “Melanio
Hernández”.
Se empleó el Método Compuesto de las Cuentas Contables, para lo cual se
cuantificaron los aspectos ambientales identificados como fuentes emisoras de gases de efecto invernadero. Los datos primarios correspondientes al trienio 2016-2018 se
extrajeron del software “Sistema Económico Integrado” VERSAT-Sarasola y mediciones
in situ. Se integraron los requisitos de las normas ISO 14064-1:2006, NC-ISO
14001:2015 y NC-ISO 14044:2009.
La generación de residuos biogénicos, las emisiones por soldadura autógena
oxiacetilénica, el consumo de servicios y bienes intangibles, el consumo de energía
eléctrica, de materiales no orgánicos, de combustibles fósiles y de agua, son los
aspectos ambientales que más contribuyen a la HC. La tasa anual de emisión asciende
a 1,54±0,18 t de CO2-eq/t de azúcar. El elevado coeficiente de variación
correspondiente a las emisiones asociadas al consumo de electricidad (41,53 %) refleja
ineficiencias en su control.
Los aspectos ambientales asociados a las emisiones por soldadura autógena
oxiacetilénica y la generación de residuos biogénicos constituyen los que mayor inciden
en la HC y contribuyen significativamente al incremento de esta en la comunidad donde
está enclavado el central objeto de estudio.
The Carbon Footprint (CF) quantifies the emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere from anthropogenic processes or activities;and it constitutes anuseful tool to evaluate the environmental performance of an organization considering climate change as the only impact category. The objective of this article is To determine the contribution of the sugar production process to the global warming by the estimation of the CF of the "Melanio Hernández" sugar mill. The Compound Method of the Countable Accounts was used, to which the environmental aspects identified as sources of greenhouse gasses were identified and quantified. The primary data corresponding to the triennium 2016-2018 were collected from the Integrated Economic System "VERSAT-Sarasola” software, and by in situ measuring. The requirements and guidelines of the ISO 14064-1:2006, NC-ISO 14001:2015 and NC-ISO 14044:2009 were integrated The generation of biogenic residues, emissions from oxyacetylene welding, consumption of services and intangible goods, consumption of electricity, non-organic materials, liquid fossil fuels and water are the environmental aspects that contribute most to the carbon footprint. The annual emission rate amounts to 1,54±0.18 t CO2-eq/t sugar. The high coefficient of variation corresponding to emissions associated with electricity consumption (41,53 %) reflects inefficiencies in its control. The environmental aspects associated with oxyacetylene welding emissions and the generation of biogenic residues are those that have the greatest impact on the CF, contributing significantly to its increase in the community where the plant under study is located.
The Carbon Footprint (CF) quantifies the emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere from anthropogenic processes or activities;and it constitutes anuseful tool to evaluate the environmental performance of an organization considering climate change as the only impact category. The objective of this article is To determine the contribution of the sugar production process to the global warming by the estimation of the CF of the "Melanio Hernández" sugar mill. The Compound Method of the Countable Accounts was used, to which the environmental aspects identified as sources of greenhouse gasses were identified and quantified. The primary data corresponding to the triennium 2016-2018 were collected from the Integrated Economic System "VERSAT-Sarasola” software, and by in situ measuring. The requirements and guidelines of the ISO 14064-1:2006, NC-ISO 14001:2015 and NC-ISO 14044:2009 were integrated The generation of biogenic residues, emissions from oxyacetylene welding, consumption of services and intangible goods, consumption of electricity, non-organic materials, liquid fossil fuels and water are the environmental aspects that contribute most to the carbon footprint. The annual emission rate amounts to 1,54±0.18 t CO2-eq/t sugar. The high coefficient of variation corresponding to emissions associated with electricity consumption (41,53 %) reflects inefficiencies in its control. The environmental aspects associated with oxyacetylene welding emissions and the generation of biogenic residues are those that have the greatest impact on the CF, contributing significantly to its increase in the community where the plant under study is located.
Description
Citation
Portal Alonso, M., & Reinoso Pérez, M. (septiembre-diciembre,
2021). Huella del carbono de la producción de azúcar en Cuba.
Caso: Central “Melanio Hernández”. Revista Márgenes, 9(3), 71-
87. Recuperado de
http://revistas.uniss.edu.cu/index.php/margenes/issue/view/1271