Procedimiento para la factibilidad del ensilado de pescado en la Empresa Pesquera Industrial de Sancti Spíritus
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Universidad de Sancti Spíritus "José Martí Pérez"
Abstract
La pesca realiza contribuciones importantes al bienestar y la prosperidad mundial. Por tanto, esta resulta una actividad que contribuye a mitigar el hambre a partir de la gran cantidad de proteínas que aportan los productos pesqueros. El pescado tiene la característica de ser uno de los alimentos más perecederos. Las pérdidas por diversos motivos, como fauna acompañante, perdidas por captura y los residuos de procesamientos, son enormes pudiéndose afirmar que en muchas ocasiones es mayor el volumen que se descarta que le que es aprovechado para consumo humano. Estas pérdidas pueden (perdidas por fauna acompañante, perdidas por captura y residuos de procesamientos) estimarse en valores que oscilan entre el 30 al 70%. Lograr que esta actividad sea sostenible y sustentable con el fin de no contaminar el medio ambiente. La presente investigación sea realizó en la Empresa Pesquera Industrial de Sancti Spíritus (EPISAN) con la intención de buscar darle utilización segura a los desperdicios del procesamiento industrial del pescado. Para ello se propone un procedimiento que permite la propuesta de una planta de ensilado de pescado. Para lograr este objetivo con efectividad se emplearon diferentes herramientas como son el método de expertos, mapa de procesos, diagramas OTIDA, balance de carga y capacidad a partir del balance de masa y diagrama de Gantt, diseño de planta a partir del método de Planificación Sistémica de la Distribución, entre otros. Los resultados obtenidos fueron la descripción de los procesos productivos en la industria pesquera, la propuesta efectiva de tecnologías, la localización y diseño de la instalación, así como un estudio de pre factibilidad que avala la propuesta.
Fishing makes important contributions to global well-being and prosperity. Therefore, it is an activity that contributes to alleviating hunger through the large amount of protein provided by fish products. Fish is characterized as one of the most perishable foods. Losses due to various causes, such as bycatch, capture losses, and processing waste, are enormous, and it can be stated that in many cases, more is discarded than is used for human consumption. These losses (losses due to bycatch, capture losses, and processing waste) can be estimated at values ranging from 30 to 70%. This activity must be made sustainable and sustainable in order to avoid environmental pollution. This research was conducted at the Sancti Spíritus Industrial Fishing Company (EPISAN) with the aim of finding safe uses for waste from industrial fish processing. To this end, a procedure is proposed that allows for the development of a fish silage plant. To effectively achieve this objective, various tools were employed, such as the expert method, process maps, OTIDA diagrams, load and capacity balancing based on mass balance and Gantt charts, and plant design based on the Systemic Distribution Planning method, among others. The results obtained included a description of the production processes in the fishing industry, an effective technological proposal, the location and design of the facility, and a pre-feasibility study that supports the proposal.
Fishing makes important contributions to global well-being and prosperity. Therefore, it is an activity that contributes to alleviating hunger through the large amount of protein provided by fish products. Fish is characterized as one of the most perishable foods. Losses due to various causes, such as bycatch, capture losses, and processing waste, are enormous, and it can be stated that in many cases, more is discarded than is used for human consumption. These losses (losses due to bycatch, capture losses, and processing waste) can be estimated at values ranging from 30 to 70%. This activity must be made sustainable and sustainable in order to avoid environmental pollution. This research was conducted at the Sancti Spíritus Industrial Fishing Company (EPISAN) with the aim of finding safe uses for waste from industrial fish processing. To this end, a procedure is proposed that allows for the development of a fish silage plant. To effectively achieve this objective, various tools were employed, such as the expert method, process maps, OTIDA diagrams, load and capacity balancing based on mass balance and Gantt charts, and plant design based on the Systemic Distribution Planning method, among others. The results obtained included a description of the production processes in the fishing industry, an effective technological proposal, the location and design of the facility, and a pre-feasibility study that supports the proposal.